我们开发了一种多尺度方法，以从实验或模拟中观察到的物理字段或配置的数据集估算高维概率分布。通过这种方式，我们可以估计能量功能（或哈密顿量），并有效地在从统计物理学到宇宙学的各个领域中生成多体系统的新样本。我们的方法 - 小波条件重新归一化组（WC-RG） - 按比例进行估算，以估算由粗粒磁场来调节的“快速自由度”的条件概率的模型。这些概率分布是由与比例相互作用相关的能量函数建模的，并以正交小波为基础表示。 WC-RG将微观能量函数分解为各个尺度上的相互作用能量之和，并可以通过从粗尺度到细度来有效地生成新样品。近相变，它避免了直接估计和采样算法的“临界减速”。理论上通过结合RG和小波理论的结果来解释这一点，并为高斯和$ \ varphi^4 $字段理论进行数值验证。我们表明，多尺度WC-RG基于能量的模型比局部电位模型更通用，并且可以在所有长度尺度上捕获复杂的多体相互作用系统的物理。这是针对反映宇宙学中暗物质分布的弱透镜镜头的，其中包括与长尾概率分布的长距离相互作用。 WC-RG在非平衡系统中具有大量的潜在应用，其中未知基础分布{\ it先验}。最后，我们讨论了WC-RG和深层网络体系结构之间的联系。

本文介绍了一个固定的厄贡点过程的统计模型，该模型是根据在方形窗口中观察到的单个实现估计的。使用随机几何形状中的现有方法，很难用大量颗粒形成复杂的几何形状进行建模。受到采样最大渗透模型的梯度下降算法的最新作品的启发，我们描述了一个模型，该模型允许快速采样新的配置，从而再现了给定观察的统计数据。从初始随机配置开始，其粒子根据能量的梯度移动，以匹配一组规定的矩（功能）。我们的矩是通过相谐波操作员在点模式的小波变换上定义的。它们允许一个人捕获粒子之间的多尺度相互作用，同时按照模型的结构的尺度明确控制矩数。我们介绍了具有各种几何结构的点过程的数值实验，并通过光谱和拓扑数据分析评估模型的质量。

A wavelet scattering network computes a translation invariant image representation, which is stable to deformations and preserves high frequency information for classification. It cascades wavelet transform convolutions with non-linear modulus and averaging operators. The first network layer outputs SIFT-type descriptors whereas the next layers provide complementary invariant information which improves classification. The mathematical analysis of wavelet scattering networks explain important properties of deep convolution networks for classification.A scattering representation of stationary processes incorporates higher order moments and can thus discriminate textures having same Fourier power spectrum. State of the art classification results are obtained for handwritten digits and texture discrimination, with a Gaussian kernel SVM and a generative PCA classifier.

We explore the abilities of two machine learning approaches for no-arbitrage interpolation of European vanilla option prices, which jointly yield the corresponding local volatility surface: a finite dimensional Gaussian process (GP) regression approach under no-arbitrage constraints based on prices, and a neural net (NN) approach with penalization of arbitrages based on implied volatilities. We demonstrate the performance of these approaches relative to the SSVI industry standard. The GP approach is proven arbitrage-free, whereas arbitrages are only penalized under the SSVI and NN approaches. The GP approach obtains the best out-of-sample calibration error and provides uncertainty quantification.The NN approach yields a smoother local volatility and a better backtesting performance, as its training criterion incorporates a local volatility regularization term.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a method for real-time 2D-3D non-rigid registration using a single fluoroscopic image. Such a method can find applications in surgery, interventional radiology and radiotherapy. By estimating a three-dimensional displacement field from a 2D X-ray image, anatomical structures segmented in the preoperative scan can be projected onto the 2D image, thus providing a mixed reality view. Methods: A dataset composed of displacement fields and 2D projections of the anatomy is generated from the preoperative scan. From this dataset, a neural network is trained to recover the unknown 3D displacement field from a single projection image. Results: Our method is validated on lung 4D CT data at different stages of the lung deformation. The training is performed on a 3D CT using random (non domain-specific) diffeomorphic deformations, to which perturbations mimicking the pose uncertainty are added. The model achieves a mean TRE over a series of landmarks ranging from 2.3 to 5.5 mm depending on the amplitude of deformation. Conclusion: In this paper, a CNN-based method for real-time 2D-3D non-rigid registration is presented. This method is able to cope with pose estimation uncertainties, making it applicable to actual clinical scenarios, such as lung surgery, where the C-arm pose is planned before the intervention.

Although deep networks have shown vulnerability to evasion attacks, such attacks have usually unrealistic requirements. Recent literature discussed the possibility to remove or not some of these requirements. This paper contributes to this literature by introducing a carpet-bombing patch attack which has almost no requirement. Targeting the feature representations, this patch attack does not require knowing the network task. This attack decreases accuracy on Imagenet, mAP on Pascal Voc, and IoU on Cityscapes without being aware that the underlying tasks involved classification, detection or semantic segmentation, respectively. Beyond the potential safety issues raised by this attack, the impact of the carpet-bombing attack highlights some interesting property of deep network layer dynamic.

Computer vision and machine learning are playing an increasingly important role in computer-assisted diagnosis; however, the application of deep learning to medical imaging has challenges in data availability and data imbalance, and it is especially important that models for medical imaging are built to be trustworthy. Therefore, we propose TRUDLMIA, a trustworthy deep learning framework for medical image analysis, which adopts a modular design, leverages self-supervised pre-training, and utilizes a novel surrogate loss function. Experimental evaluations indicate that models generated from the framework are both trustworthy and high-performing. It is anticipated that the framework will support researchers and clinicians in advancing the use of deep learning for dealing with public health crises including COVID-19.

Deep learning surrogate models are being increasingly used in accelerating scientific simulations as a replacement for costly conventional numerical techniques. However, their use remains a significant challenge when dealing with real-world complex examples. In this work, we demonstrate three types of neural network architectures for efficient learning of highly non-linear deformations of solid bodies. The first two architectures are based on the recently proposed CNN U-NET and MAgNET (graph U-NET) frameworks which have shown promising performance for learning on mesh-based data. The third architecture is Perceiver IO, a very recent architecture that belongs to the family of attention-based neural networks--a class that has revolutionised diverse engineering fields and is still unexplored in computational mechanics. We study and compare the performance of all three networks on two benchmark examples, and show their capabilities to accurately predict the non-linear mechanical responses of soft bodies.

In Novel Class Discovery (NCD), the goal is to find new classes in an unlabeled set given a labeled set of known but different classes. While NCD has recently gained attention from the community, no framework has yet been proposed for heterogeneous tabular data, despite being a very common representation of data. In this paper, we propose TabularNCD, a new method for discovering novel classes in tabular data. We show a way to extract knowledge from already known classes to guide the discovery process of novel classes in the context of tabular data which contains heterogeneous variables. A part of this process is done by a new method for defining pseudo labels, and we follow recent findings in Multi-Task Learning to optimize a joint objective function. Our method demonstrates that NCD is not only applicable to images but also to heterogeneous tabular data.

The French National Institute of Geographical and Forest Information (IGN) has the mission to document and measure land-cover on French territory and provides referential geographical datasets, including high-resolution aerial images and topographic maps. The monitoring of land-cover plays a crucial role in land management and planning initiatives, which can have significant socio-economic and environmental impact. Together with remote sensing technologies, artificial intelligence (IA) promises to become a powerful tool in determining land-cover and its evolution. IGN is currently exploring the potential of IA in the production of high-resolution land cover maps. Notably, deep learning methods are employed to obtain a semantic segmentation of aerial images. However, territories as large as France imply heterogeneous contexts: variations in landscapes and image acquisition make it challenging to provide uniform, reliable and accurate results across all of France. The FLAIR-one dataset presented is part of the dataset currently used at IGN to establish the French national reference land cover map "Occupation du sol \`a grande \'echelle" (OCS- GE).